Pituitary dwarfism in children

Pituitary dwarfism, also known as growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in children, is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by markedly reduced linear growth and short stature due to inadequate secretion of growth hormone (GH) from the anterior pituitary gland. This condition can be congenital or acquired and may occur in isolation or as part of panhypopituitarism. Early recognition and treatment are crucial to optimize growth potential and prevent associated metabolic and psychosocial complications. The disorder may manifest with proportional short stature, delayed bone age, and delayed puberty, but generally, cognitive function remains normal. Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment, biochemical testing for GH and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and radiological evaluation of the pituitary. Recombinant GH therapy remains the cornerstone of management, with additional treatments directed at underlying pituitary pathology when present.