The State of Open Data 2025: A Decade of Progress and Challenges

This white paper is jointly released by Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CNIC, CAS), Springer Nature, Figshare, Science Data Bank (ScienceDB) and Digital Science.In the wave of research data and AI integration, China has conducted extensive exploration in the construction of high-quality research data resources, AI integration applications, the establishment of open sharing mechanisms, and innovation in evaluation systems. The "2025 China Open Data Situation Analysis Report" written by CNIC delves into the construction of high-quality research data. By analyzing the survey results from 2025, it provides a detailed analysis of the implementation of China's research data policies, the progress in practicing FAIR principles, and the application of AI technology in data management. Furthermore, the white paper incorporates multiple domain pieces, covering innovative practices in areas of high-energy physics, cryospheric science, seismology, meteorology, medicine, materials science and chemical engineering. It also includes guest pieces from multiple stakeholders to share typical practices in the construction, application, and evaluation of high-quality datasets in China. The foreword is co-authored by Cao Hongbin, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Professor of Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and Zhou Yuanchun, Deputy Director of CNIC, CAS. This foreword summarizes the whole report. Followed by: China State of Open Data Report 2025 High Energy Physics Data Sharing Based on International Cooperation Practice and Prospect of Open Sharing of Meteorological Research Data in China Current Situation and Future of Earthquake Research Data Management and Open Sharing in China Practice of Data-driven Cryospheric Research Paradigm Thoughts on Intelligent Empowerment of Medical Data Management and Open Sharing Construction of High-quality Research Datasets and Typical Cases Practice and Progress of Data-driven Catalytic Science Innovation CAS Data Center for Chemical Engineering Science: Data Resource Construction of Chemical Engineering Fundamentals and AI-Ready Applications Practice of AI-Ready Evaluation for High-quality Research Data Making Open Science Work: the State of Open Data Implications for Infrastructure, Automation and Partnership in China