Italy’s Energy Crisis: A Roadmap to Security, Affordability, and Decarbonization

This paper analyzes Italy’s energy crisis in the wake of supply disruptions and rising energy prices, with a focus on reducing dependence on imported natural gas while maintaining economic and social stability. It evaluates short-term measures to stabilize energy supply, medium-term strategies to diversify gas imports and expand renewable energy, and long-term options for achieving energy security and decarbonization, including nuclear and small modular reactors (SMRs). By assessing the feasibility, risks, and trade-offs of each approach, the paper proposes a phased policy roadmap that balances affordability, reliability, and climate goals for Italy’s energy future.