Electron Spin and Atomic Diamagnetism

This paper demonstrates that electron spin arises from the electron moving forward along a cylindrical helical trajectory. This model can simultaneously explain the Stern–Gerlach experiment and the phenomenon that an electron beam does not split in a magnetic field. The paper further points out that a necessary condition for diamagnetism is the formation of paired electrons within molecules or atoms, and that there are four possible ways for molecules or atoms to form such electron pairs.