Pediatric Oral Pathology

This retrospective study evaluated the prevalence and pattern of histologically confirmed oral and maxillofacial lesions in pediatric patients aged 0–17 years in Qassim, Saudi Arabia. Following ethical approval, biopsy records from King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraidah, collected between January 2014 and August 2022 were reviewed. A total of 85 pediatric biopsy cases were analyzed using Microsoft Excel, assessing demographic details, lesion site, and histopathological diagnosis. The highest prevalence of lesions was observed during the permanent dentition period (12–17 years), with the mandible being the most commonly affected anatomical site. Lesions were classified into ten histopathological categories, with soft tissue pathologies being the most frequent, followed closely by odontogenic cysts. Dentigerous cysts were the most common individual diagnosis, followed by pyogenic granuloma and mucocele. Malignant lesions were rare. Overall, the study demonstrates that most pediatric oral and maxillofacial lesions in this population are benign and shows patterns consistent with findings reported in other regions worldwide.