THE APATITE-DECEIVER AS AN UNIQUE INDICATOR PARENT ROCKS AND ORES, AS WELL AS PETRO-, LITHO- AND ORE GENESIS

An extensive review describes the unique properties of apatite, which, dueto the peculiarities of its structure, allows for diverse isomorphic substitutionsboth in its cationic part (Mn, Sr, Ba, REE, U, etc.) and in the anionic part (CO2,SO3, SiO2, OH, F, Cl, etc.). Since these substitutions occur under well-definedconditions in both endogenous thermal and exogenous low-temperature processes,the composition of apatite turns out to be an indicator of these processes.At the same time, the conditions of formation of most igneous and metamorphicrocks can be judged by the composition of accessory apatite, and the genesis ofphosphorus ores, both endogenous (Khibiny, Kiruna type, etc.) and exogenous(phosphorites), is judged by the composition of ore-forming apatite.The review is based on the recent "Irish" review 2020, covering 147 literarysources and compiled by 4 co-authors from Dublin and one from Stockholm [130].Since the compilers of the "Irish" review practically did not use literature inRussian, it became necessary to seriously supplement it with the data given in thedomestic literature, as well with a number of foreign works that are not coveredby the "Irish" review.The resulting text should make it much easier for the geologist reader to useapatite in practice as a remarkable mineral-an indicator of various geologicalprocesses.