Additional file 1 of Cattle manure suppresses methane consumption and enhances denitrification-associated nitrous oxide production in farm dams

Additional file 1. Figure S1: Microbial diversities differ between fenced and unfenced dams. (A) Shannon index and (B) non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) using Bray–Curtis similarity of bacterial and archaeal taxa found in the unfenced (in blue) and fenced (in green) farm dams at the different sampling sites. In (A), semi-transparent points are the raw data, opaque points are the predicted means, error bars are standard errors. Figure S2: Microbial community compositions differ between fenced and unfenced dams. Phylum-level diversity of (A) bacterial and (B) archaeal taxa in the unfenced and fenced farm dams at the different sampling sites. Relative abundances (in %) are based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences. Fig. S3: Microbes controlling greenhouse gas production differ in abundance between fenced and unfenced dams. Relative abundances (in %) of (A) bacterial methanotrophs, denitrifiers, and nitrifiers, and (B) archaeal anaerobic methanotrophs (ANME), methanogens, and nitrifiers found in unfenced and fenced farm dams across the different sampling sites. Bubble sizes show the relative abundances of each genus within fenced (green) and unfenced (blue) farm dams at each sampling site as a proportion of the total farm dam bacterial or archaeal communities based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences. Asterisks indicate the level and direction of significant differences in relative abundance between treatments (NS = non-significant;* P < 0.05), with blue asterisks denoting higher relative abundance in unfenced dams and green asterisks denoting higher relative abundance in fenced dams. Genera without statistical scores had insufficient data for statistical comparisons. Statistical scores are presented in Table S6. Figure S4: Microbes found in cow manure. Phylum and order-level diversity of (A) bacterial and (B) archaeal taxa found in cattle manure samples collected from the different sampling sites. Relative abundances (in %) are based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences. Figure S5: Shared bacterial taxa between cow manure and dams differ among sampling sites. Venn diagrams and bar plots showing the numbers and relative abundances (in %) of shared bacterial taxa (based on ASVs) between cattle manure and unfenced and fenced farm dams at the different sampling sites. Bar plots show the relative abundances of shared taxa of the total farm dam and cattle manure bacterial communities based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences. Fig. S6: The previously uncharacterised methanotrophs show similar abundances in fenced and unfenced dams. Relative abundances (in %) of the two previously uncharacterised methanotroph species within the gammaproteobacterial genus CAIVXW01 and the alphaproteobacterial genus Methylocystis in unfenced and fenced farm dams. Opaque points are the predicted means and are standard errors from the best-fitting statistical models, semitransparent points are the raw data.