A new eudesmane type sesquiterpenoid from the stem bark of Aglaia pachyphylla with cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities

This study aims to isolate an undescribed eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoid, phyllunone A (1), along with 5 known sesquiterpenoids from n-hexane extract of Aglaia pachyphylla stem bark. The structural elucidation of compound 1 was achieved using NMR, HRMS, ECD, and was further supported by computational calculation (TD-DFT and NMR DP4+). Phyllunone A (1) represented a new eudesmane skeleton bearing a 2,4(11)-dien-1-one moiety. In addition, compounds 1 to 6 were evaluated against MCF-7 breast cancer cells and anti-inflammatory activity (TNF-α production) in RAW 264.7 cells induced by LPS. The results revealed that only compounds 2-3 exhibited weak cytotoxicity (IC50 343 and 206 µM), while the others were inactive. In anti-inflammatory assay, compound 1 showed the highest inhibition of TNF-α production (49.3%), indicating its potential as a non-cytotoxic anti-inflammatory agent.