Oxidative Stress and Its Impact on Reproductive Health: A Short Review

Abstract: Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defence mechanisms, leading to cellular and molecular damage. While controlled ROS levels are essential for normal reproductive processes, excessive oxidative stress adversely affects both male and female reproductive functions. This review summarizes current understanding of the role of oxidative stress in reproductive physiology, highlighting its impact on oocyte quality, spermatogenesis, hormonal regulation, and fertility outcomes. Evidence suggests that oxidative stress contributes significantly to reproductive disorders through lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing antioxidant-based therapeutic and preventive strategies to improve reproductive health.