S4 - LFC Distributions

Histograms of log₂ fold-change distributions for significant DEGs (FDR ≤ 0.05). Panel A shows treatment contrasts (treated vs control) with modest effect sizes (median |LFC| ~0.5-0.8) and balanced up/down regulation. Panel B shows sex contrasts (male vs female) with much wider distributions and many strongly sex-biased genes (|LFC| > 4). Red dashed line indicates median LFC; orange dotted lines indicate median absolute LFC. Demonstrates that sex is the dominant source of transcriptional variation compared to drug treatment effects.