Relational Time Flow from Particles' Internal Clocks
Abstract
Elementary particles exhibit intrinsic phase recurrences, so each can serve as a reference clock. From this perspective, Rovelli's ``timeless'' viewpoint is best read not as denying time, but as denying the fundamentality of any preferred external time coordinate: time persists as internal cyclic variables carried by particles, covariantly modulated by energy exchange and relativistic transformations. Macroscopic flow arises from records and thermodynamic coarse-graining. Intrinsic temporal periodicity, supported by theoretical and phenomenological results published in previous works, constitutes the fundamental principle at the base of Elementary Cycles Theory, which may be regarded as a minimal, purely four-dimensional string-like framework.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Relativity and Gravitational Theory
Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
Philosophical and Theoretical Analysis
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Figshare
- Publication date
- 1 January 2026
- Language
- EN
- Document type
- Preprint