Table 1. Characterization of Study Participants

TITLE: Healthy Men Practicing Resistance Training Show No Improvement in Prostate-Specific Antigen Concentrations: A Cross-Sectional StudyINTRODUCTION Sedentary behavior is associated with increased risk of prostatic disorders, such as prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate cancer (PCa). These conditions frequently result in elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, particularly in men over 40 years. In 2020, prostate cancer ranked as the second most diagnosed malignancy globally (1,414,259 new cases; 375,304 deaths) and remains the most common cancer among Brazilian men.OBJECTIVE To examine the influence of resistance training (RT) on serum PSA concentrations in men regularly performing this exercise modality.METHODS A quantitative cross-sectional study, approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CAAE: 87476225.8.0000.0089), was conducted in 2025 at Universidade São Judas Tadeu and a large gym chain in Santo André, SP, Brazil. Convenience sample of 40 healthy men aged 40–55 years without prior prostatic disease diagnosis. Participants were classified into trained (GT, n=24) and non-trained (GNT, n=16) groups. Assessments included body composition (bioelectrical impedance), food frequency questionnaire, prostatic symptoms (IPSS and QoL score), mental health (DASS-21), maximal strength (1RM), and serum PSA measurement. Statistical analyses comprised Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher’s exact test, and Spearman correlation (α = 0.05).RESULTS Mean age was 44.9 years. No significant between-group differences in PSA levels were detected. PSA showed no meaningful correlations with body composition parameters, dietary patterns, 1RM values, or DASS-21 scores. A positive correlation was observed between IPSS/QoL scores and PSA concentration (r = 0.331; p = 0.037), indicating greater symptom burden associated with higher PSA.CONCLUSION Resistance training did not appear to modulate PSA concentrations in this cohort. Prostatic symptom severity was positively linked to PSA levels. Longitudinal randomized trials are required to clarify the true effect of RT on PSA dynamics and its possible preventive role against prostate cancer.