Table 2. Body Composition Values (Bioelectrical Impedance), Group Comparison

TITLE: Healthy Men Practicing Resistance Training Show No Improvement in Prostate-Specific Antigen Concentrations: A Cross-Sectional StudyINTRODUCTION Physical inactivity correlates with higher incidence of prostate-related conditions, including prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate cancer (PCa), often reflected by increased prostate-specific antigen (PSA), especially after age 40. Globally in 2020, prostate cancer accounted for 1,414,259 incident cases and 375,304 deaths, emerging as the leading male malignancy in Brazil.OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether regular resistance training affects circulating PSA levels in apparently healthy adult men. METHODS Cross-sectional quantitative design, approved under CAAE 87476225.8.0000.0089, performed in 2025 at Universidade São Judas Tadeu and a commercial gym in Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil. Forty men aged 40–55 years without known prostatic pathology were recruited by convenience sampling and allocated to trained (GT, n=24) or non-trained (GNT, n=16) groups. Evaluations encompassed bioimpedance analysis, food frequency questionnaire, IPSS/QoL, DASS-21, 1RM testing, and serum PSA determination. Data were analyzed via Mann-Whitney test, Fisher’s exact test, and Spearman’s rho (p < 0.05). RESULTS Participants’ average age was 44.9 years. PSA concentrations did not differ significantly between GT and GNT. No relevant associations emerged between PSA and body composition, nutritional intake, maximal strength, or psychological distress scores. Only IPSS/QoL demonstrated a significant positive relationship with PSA (r = 0.331; p = 0.037). CONCLUSION Regular resistance training was not associated with altered PSA values in this sample. Severity of lower urinary tract symptoms correlated positively with PSA. Future prospective interventional studies are essential to determine whether RT exerts protective effects on prostate health and PSA regulation.