Galantamine supplementation and rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review of current research and molecular mechanisms

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that can cause serious joint destruction if not properly managed. Despite established treatments, many patients struggle to find meaningful relief, emphasizing the need for new treatments. Galantamine (GAL), a naturally occurring alkaloid and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor with anti-inflammatory effects, has showed promise in preclinical RA research. This systematic review assessed GAL’s potential in RA by searching PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar until June 2025, with no language or date restrictions. We omitted review articles, conference abstracts, book chapters, and studies that combined GAL with other substances or diseases. There was no human or in vitro research found, so seven eligible animal studies were analyzed. Evidence suggests that GAL improves RA outcomes by lowering inflammation and oxidative stress, blocking angiogenesis, and exhibiting anti-arthritic effects. These findings imply that GAL could be an effective treatment for RA. However, the available evidence is limited to animal models, and well-designed clinical trials are required to prove its efficacy and safety in people. This review emphasizes GAL’s therapeutic potential as well as the critical need for translational research to bridge the gap between preclinical and clinical applications.