PRISMA 2020 FLOW DIAGRAM

This PRISMA flow diagram illustrates the systematic process undertaken in the study entitled “The Effectiveness of Disaster Preparedness Improvement Programs for School Students: A Systematic Literature Review.” The review followed the guidelines of the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) to ensure transparency, methodological rigor, and reproducibility. In the identification phase, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across six electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Nature, SAGE Journals, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect. A total of 15,551 records were identified. After initial filtering and removal of ineligible records (non-English and non-relevant publications), 3,094 records remained for screening. During the screening phase, titles and abstracts were assessed according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria focusing on disaster preparedness interventions, school-aged students, experimental study designs (RCT or quasi-experimental), and measurable outcomes such as knowledge, self-efficacy, and practical skills. Following this process, 133 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. In the eligibility phase, 111 articles were excluded due to inappropriate study design, lack of relevant intervention, absence of student participants, or failure to measure preparedness outcomes. Twenty-two studies were initially selected. A final methodological quality appraisal was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools for randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies. Seven additional studies were excluded due to high risk of bias or methodological limitations. Ultimately, 13 high-quality studies were included in the final qualitative synthesis. This diagram provides a transparent overview of the number of records identified, screened, excluded (with reasons), and included at each stage of the review process.