Figure 5-8

Figure 5. Volcano plots display the differential gene expression in response to NaCl (a), PEG-induced drought (b), heat (c), cold (d), and ABA (e) treatments. Each plot visualizes the relationship between the fold change (log2 scale) and the adjusted p-value (-log10 scale) for genes under each treatment. Genes with significant upregulation (positive log2 fold change) are shown in red, while significantly downregulated genes (negative log2 fold change) are in green. Non-significant genes are represented in gray.Figure 6. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis for different abiotic stress and ABA treatment. GO term enrichment analysis of DEGs in NaCl (a), PEG-induced drought (b), heat (c), cold (d), and ABA (e) treatments and the left-to-right organization within each row distinguishes upregulated (left) and downregulated (right) gene sets under each treatment. The dot size represents the Count (number of genes), and the color gradient indicates the adjusted p-value, with darker red dots signifying higher significance.Figure 7. Upset plots to summarize unique and shared differentially expressed genes due to exposure to different treatments. Vertical barplots summarise the number of upregulated (a) and downregulated (b) genes across abiotic stress and ABA treatments.Figure 8. Gene co-expression network of stress-responsive genes in sorghum. Nodes represent differentially expressed genes connected by PCC ≥ 0.99. Node size corresponds to degree (connectivity), and node color to betweenness centrality. Edge thickness reflects correlation strength, while edge color indicates edge betweenness. Hub genes and bridging interactions highlight potential key regulators of abiotic stress responses.