Stratigraphy and volcano-structural evolution of the Montiferru Volcanic Complex, Sardinia

The Montiferru Volcanic Complex in Sardinia (Italy) records a complex interplay of volcanic cycles and sedimentation but lacks a comprehensive geological framework. Here we present a new 1:50.000 scale volcano-structural map defining twelve unconformity-bounded stratigraphic units that delineate Miocene to Pleistocene volcanic and sedimentary phases, including caldera-forming eruptions, dome field formation, flank collapses, and monogenetic activity. Integrated field mapping, petrography, and geochronology revealed the occurrence of distinct volcanic centers and a defined structural evolution of the complex. Notably, we identify Miocene and Pliocene hydrothermal mineralization phases characterized by siliceous sinter and anomalous Au, Ag, As, and Hg concentrations, linked to multiple epithermal systems within varied volcanic settings. These findings refine the eruptive history and provide a structural basis for mineralization processes in the Montiferru Complex.