(DATASET)Khmer–Vietnamese Bilingual Education for Ethnic Minority Primary Students in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta

This study investigates the factors influencing the implementation and effectiveness of Khmer-Vietnamese bilingual education (KhVBE) for ethnic minority primary students in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta. Grounded in the theoretical frameworks of Two-Way Bilingual Education (TWBE) and Developmental Bilingual Education (DBE), the research adopts a cross-sectional quantitative design to examine how multiple dimensions interact in shaping bilingual education outcomes.Survey data were collected from 269 educational administrators and teachers directly involved in program management and instructional delivery across three provinces (An Giang, Soc Trang, and Tra Vinh). Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the study evaluates the effects of five key constructs: contextual factors for bilingual education (CABE), internal learner factors (ILF), information channels (IC), situational factors (SF), and engagement in professional development activities (EPDA).The findings reveal that internal learner factors, information channels, situational factors, and professional development activities significantly and positively influence bilingual education outcomes, while contextual factors do not show a statistically significant effect. Among these, situational factors emerge as the strongest predictor, highlighting the importance of authentic language use in real-life contexts.This study contributes to the literature by providing a multidimensional and empirically grounded model of bilingual education in a relatively under-researched context. It also offers practical implications for policymakers and educators by emphasizing the importance of learner-centered approaches, diversified communication channels, community-based learning environments, and sustained teacher professional development in enhancing the effectiveness and sustainability of bilingual education for ethnic minority students in Vietnam.