Compact topological edge modes in subwavelength grating waveguide arrays with gauge flux

The interplay between flat bands and topology has the potential to enhance the localization and robustness of topological edge modes, yet their realization in planar waveguide platforms remains challenging. Here, we introduce a synthetic gauge flux by leveraging degenerate modes in planar subwavelength grating waveguides, enabling Aharonov–Bohm caging effect and the formation of a flat-band lattice. The resulting edge modes are ultracompact, which can be confined to the last two waveguides at the boundary. These robust modes remain highly localized against to coupling coefficient and geometric variations. Our findings offer a route toward compact and robust light transport in integrated photonic circuits operating in the telecommunication band.