Droplet dynamics across a hydrophobic to hydrophilic chemical step

The dynamics of a droplet on an inclined plane containing a chemical step, implying a heterogeneity in the wettability, has been widely studied because of its relevance to many applications. However, the modelling of such dynamics remains inaccurate due to the lack of implementation of contact angle hysteresis (CAH). In this work, we implement a chemical potential wetting boundary condition that includes hysteresis in a well-balanced lattice Boltzmann (WB-LBM) simulation to address that specific shortcoming. We investigate the behaviour of droplet dynamics including this hysteresis force, and subsequently, also probe the effects of chemical step strength, inclination angle, and droplet volume on the droplet dynamics. We observe that the dynamics at the leading and the trailing edges of the droplet are significantly impacted by hysteresis effects and the chemical step strength. In addition, we conclude that for varying inclination angle, the hysteresis contribution is comparable to other contributing forces in precise manipulation of the droplet.