Factors affecting chloride concentration in tobacco: A review

Chloride is an essential micronutrient for tobacco plants. Small amounts of Cl– can improve tobacco growth and yield. It is generally accepted that concentrations in excess of 1% can produce poor-quality tobacco. The significant sources of chloride for tobacco plants are soil, Cl-containing fertilizers, and irrigation water. Responses of tobacco to chloride vary according to tobacco types and cultivars. The influence of chloride on the growth, yield, and chemical composition is inconsistent. In general, leaf chloride and reducing sugar concentrations increase with increasing soil or irrigation water chloride levels. Application rates of chloride-containing fertilizers or chloride levels in irrigation water should be monitored to prevent excessive chloride accumulation in tobacco leaves. Plant genetics affect chloride accumulation; therefore, cultivar selection is important in achieving lower chloride concentration in tobacco.