A study of health and morbidity profile among geriatric population and utilization of health services in field practice area of RHTC SAGAM- A cross sectional study

Population ageing is emerging as a major public health concern in India, with a steady rise in chronic illnesses, disability, and healthcare needs among older adults. The geriatric population in Jammu and Kashmir is growing rapidly, yet community-level data on health status, psychosocial conditions, and healthcare utilization remain limited. Understanding these aspects is essential for strengthening primary-level geriatric services. Objectives: To assess the socio-demographic characteristics and morbidity profile of the geriatric population and to examine patterns of healthcare utilization in the field practice area of RHTC SAGAM, Anantnag. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June to September 2024 in the field practice area of RHTC SAGAM. All residents aged 60 years and above were included through complete enumeration, yielding a total of 125 participants. Data were collected through a predesigned, pretested semi-structured questionnaire, followed by general and systemic examination. Information on socio-demographic variables, psychosocial factors, morbidity status, multimorbidity, and healthcare utilization was obtained. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. Results: Most participants belonged to the young-old age group (60–74 years), with males constituting 60% of the study population. Illiteracy was common, and a substantial proportion had low monthly income. Musculoskeletal disorders were the most prevalent morbidity (55.5%), followed by cardiovascular and metabolic disorders (43.6%), sensory impairments (42.7%), and gastrointestinal disorders (35.5%). Multimorbidity was frequently observed. Psychosocial issues such as bereavement, illness-related restrictions, and limited social interaction were common. The majority of participants sought care from government health facilities and predominantly used allopathic medicine. Although enrolment under Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY was high, awareness of dedicated geriatric clinics was limited. Absence of a friend circle, infrequent communication, and illness-related restrictions showed significant associations with morbidity. Conclusion: The study highlights a high burden of morbidity and multimorbidity among the geriatric population, accompanied by notable psychosocial vulnerabilities. While public healthcare services are widely utilized and generally well accepted, gaps remain in geriatric-specific awareness and support. Strengthening community-based geriatric services, improving social support mechanisms, and integrating comprehensive elderly care at the primary level are essential to address the growing needs of the ageing population.