Potential Therapeutic Synergy of Thymoquinone and Nivolumab in Experimental Models of Renal Cancer

Objective: We investigated the effects of Thymoquinone in combination with Nivolumab on experimental renal cell cancer models. Thymoquinone, a bioactive component extracted from Nigella sativa seeds, exhibits anti inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor properties against various cancers. Material and Methods: The effects of Thymoquinone and Nivolumab were analyzed using the Renca cell line with 3 (4,5-dimetiltiyazol-. 2-yl)-2.5- difeniltetrazolium-bromure and Annexin V + propidium iodure assays. Renca cells were subcutaneously injected into 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice. Groups were designed as control, Thymoquinone, Nivolumab, Thymoquinone+Nivolumab. Tumor tissues were analyzed for apoptosis/necrosis rates, expression of immunomarkers, and ribonucleic acid expression at a significance level of p