Changes in Nutrition, Sleep, and Well-Being During and After COVID-19 Lockdown: A Longitudinal Study

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate changes in dietary intake, anthropometric measures, physical activity, sleep quality, and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 lockdown and post-lockdown periods among adult women in Turkey. Material and Methods: A total of 129 women aged 19–60 participated in this longitudinal study conducted the first lockdown period in May and July 2020. Data were collected through three-day dietary records, one-day physical activity logs, anthropometric measurements, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Turkish Emotional Eating Scale, and the PERMA Well-Being Scale. Dietary data were analyzed using the BEBIS software. Results: There were no significant differences in total energy, carbohydrate, protein, or fat intake during and after the isolation period. However, intake of omega-3 fatty acids, polyunsaturated fats, fiber, and vitamin C was significantly higher during lockdown. PERMA scores were lower, and negative emotions and loneliness scores were higher during lockdown (p