Comparative Evaluation of the Physicochemical Properties of Animal Tallow-Based Hybrid Biofuels Compared with Diesel Fuel

In recent years, renewable energy especially biofuels have attracted growing interest due to its ability to help reduce the environmental problems caused by traditional fossil fuels. Tallow, a type of fat obtained from animals, is a widely accessible source of lipids and is showing great potential for use in making biofuels. However, the choice of tallow source plays a pivotal role in determining the physicochemical properties of such biofuels. This study presents the experimental evaluation of the physicochemical properties of animal tallow-based hybrid biofuels, its blends (B10(10% animal tallow biodiesel + 90% diesel) and B20 (20% animal tallow biodiesel + 80% diesel)) with petroleum diesel. The key properties analyzed include, density, calorific value, kinematic viscosity, flash point, cloud point, pour point, fire point, and carbon residue. The study reveals that animal tallow–based hybrid biofuels, MHBF, B10 and B20, provide a favorable balance between fuel properties and usability when compared to diesel. Increment in flash point and fire point of MHBF, B10, and B20 indicating safer storage and handling. Cold flow properties show the mixed behavior. On the basis of physicochemical chemical properties these fuels can serve as viable alternatives, contributing to sustainable energy development.