A review on biomarkers in cancer immunotherapy: present and future

In recent years, developments in cancer immunotherapy have revolutionized cancer treatment, However, the heterogeneity of responses observed across patients undergoing immunotherapeutic guide clinical decision-making.This mini-review explores the evolving role of biomarkers in cancer immunotherapy, focusing on their potential to enhance patient stratification, monitor treatment response, and identify mechanisms of resistance.Our discussion focuses on immunotherapy biomarker research in the present day, highlighting the utility of immune cell profiling, mutational use of liquid biopsy-based biomarkers and the integration of advanced omics technologies in refining predictive and prognostic biomarker signatures.As the field of cancer immunotherapy immune system interacts with cancer.This mini-review highlights the importance of ongoing collaborative efforts between clinicians, researchers, and technology developers in shaping the future of cancer immunotherapy utilizing biomarkers.