THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PHOTOBIOMODULATION ON ORTHODONTIC MOVEMENT, RELAPSE, AND STEM CELL ACTIVATION: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Objective: This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of LLLT with wavelengths of 650 nm and 660 nm in supporting orthodontic tooth movement, reducing post-treatment relapse, and stimulating stem cell activation involved in the regeneration of supporting tissues. Method: Literature search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus databases for articles published in the last five years. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 58 relevant articles were analyzed qualitatively. Results: The literature review findings indicate that LLLT consistently contributes to accelerating orthodontic tooth movement, reducing post-treatment relapse risk, and enhancing stem cell activation and proliferation, which supports the remodeling of periodontal tissues. Novelty: LLLT with wavelengths of 650 nm and 660 nm has proven to be effective and safe as an adjunct therapy in orthodontic treatment, with the 660 nm wavelength demonstrating superior tissue penetration, potentially enhancing long-term stability and tissue regeneration through stem cell activation.