¿Plaguicidas en Áreas Naturales Protegidas? Evidencia de su uso en la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra Gorda de Querétaro

Numerous international studies have documented the environmental impacts of pesticides in biosphere reserves; however, very little research has examined how farmers living within these reserves actually use such products. To address this gap in the Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve (Queretaro, Mexico), this study aimed to characterize pesticide use in Conca’s agricultural valley, the reserve’s main irrigated vegetable-growing area. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted based on semi-structured interviews, as well as the observation of pesticide use and disposal practices. More than 80 commercial pesticides were identified, many classified as highly hazardous. Additionally, management practices indicate elevated risks to human health and the environment, alongside low use of personal protective equipment and inadequate waste disposal. This research fills an empirical gap on the substances used within a Mexican Protected Natural Area (PNA) and their handling, providing actionable evidence for the design of technical interventions. Specifically, it proposes targeted, culturally appropriate training for farmers and farmworkers, accompanied by a phased restriction of highly hazardous pesticides.