Clinicopathological Profile of Breast Cancer Patients and Its Association with Treatment Outcomes

Background: Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Variability in clinical outcomes is largely influenced by tumor biology and stage at presentation. Understanding the clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer within specific populations is essential for improving prognostic assessment and guiding treatment strategies. Objective: To describe the clinicopathological profile of breast cancer patients and evaluate its association with treatment outcomes, including survival and recurrence. Methods: A retrospective data analysis was conducted on 284 histopathologic ally confirmed breast cancer patients treated at a tertiary care hospital in the Islamabad–Rawalpindi region. Demographic, pathological, and treatment-related variables were extracted from institutional records. Tumors were classified according to TNM staging and Nottingham grading systems, with receptor status determined by immunohistochemistry. Disease-free survival, overall survival, and recurrence were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival curves, chi-square tests, independent t-tests, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis. A p-value