Evaluation of the Association Between Axial Length and Cup-to-Disc Ratio Among Non-Glaucomatous Hypertensive Patients

Background: Cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) is a key clinical parameter for optic nerve head assessment, yet physiological variation may be influenced by ocular biometry and systemic factors such as hypertension. Axial length (AL) can modify optic disc morphology and may complicate interpretation of CDR during glaucoma screening in hypertensive patients without glaucoma. Objective: To determine the association between axial length and cup-to-disc ratio among non-glaucomatous hypertensive patients. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 94 hypertensive patients aged 18–70 years at Al-Shifa Eye Clinic, Ali Pur Chatha. Eligible participants had normal intraocular pressure (