Sustainable cultivation and utilization of lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.): Advances in agronomic practices, pest management, and agro-industrial applications

Lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.) is one of the most important crops that are widely appreciated in the pharmaceuticals, food preservation and cosmetic industries. With the growth of demand there is also growing importance for environmentally friendly and sustainable production systems. Propagation can be done through seedlings raised in a nursery or by dividing mature clumps, which makes it suitable for different agricultural scenarios. Being a perennial species, it is considered to be one of the fast-growing crops with substantial biomass production in a wide range of soil types and climatic conditions. Oil content ranges, with an average between 0.29% and 0.63% on a fresh weight basis. The maximization of yield and quality of oil is dependent on using proper scientific cultivation methods coupled with correct timing of harvest and site selection. Deep, well-drained, fertile soils are ideal, while those locations prone to waterlogging must be avoided. This review provides an overview of the agronomic practices, soil suitability, and economic consideration of lemongrass. Besides, the analysis has shown challenges in plant diseases, while on the other hand, it has also indicated the potential benefits of the expansion of lemongrass cultivation in integrated crop protection.