Predictive Maintenance and the Prevention of Batch Failures in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Causes, Impacts, and Industry Evolution

Batch failure is a major problem in pharmaceutical manufacturing. It happens when a batch of medicine does not meet quality or safety standards. This review explains the meaning of batch failure and shows how it affects production. It describes common causes such as human error, equipment faults, contamination, and poor compliance. It also explains how these failures create economic loss, operational delays, and damage to reputation. The review discusses the history of batch failures and how technology has changed manufacturing. It highlights the need for better maintenance practices. It shows how predictive maintenance can reduce failures by identifying problems early. The review suggests that advanced tools like artificial intelligence and data analysis can support safer and more reliable production.