Demographic Winter

This article presents a systematic and bibliometric review of scientific literature from 2010 to 2025 on "demographic winter," a phenomenon characterized by declining fertility rates and population aging. Using the PRISMA protocol and tools like VOSviewer, databases such as Scopus and Dimensions were analyzed, revealing a predominance of quantitative approaches and limited integration of cultural and gender perspectives. The results indicate that traditional demographic transition theories fail to fully explain this phenomenon, highlighting the relevance of factors such as individual autonomy, post-materialist values, and gender dynamics. Bibliometric mapping identifies key themes like aging, family policies, and migration, as well as a geographical bias in research, with greater representation of European and Asian studies. The combination of quantitative indicators (e.g., fertility rates) and qualitative indicators (e.g., perceptions of motherhood) underscores the need for interdisciplinary approaches that consider both socioeconomic aspects and cultural or symbolic dimensions.