Evolutionary Characteristics and Governance Pathways of Exam Cheating Behavior among Undergraduate Students

This study analyzes 368 cases of undergraduate exam cheating investigated at H University from 2021 to 2025. Using descriptive statistical analysis, the research systematically examines the evolving characteristics of cheating behaviors. The findings indicate a significant rebound in cheating incidents after a temporary decline in the 2022 academic year. In terms of grade distribution, sophomores and juniors represent the highest-risk groups. From a disciplinary perspective, cheating is predominantly concentrated in professional courses, with a significantly higher proportion than in public basic courses. Regarding methods, traditional paper-based materials (cheat sheets) still dominate (approximately 60%), but cheating using electronic devices and proxy exam-taking now account for nearly 30% of cases. Based on these findings, this paper proposes targeted governance strategies focusing on the reform of core professional course assessments, academic pressure counseling for upper-year students, and the implementation of a differentiated proctoring system.