An Assessment of Geoelectric Layers for Groundwater Availability in Makurdi Local Government Area, Benue State, Nigeria

This study assesses the geoelectric layering and groundwater availability in Makurdi Local Government Area, Benue State, Nigeria, using the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) method. Geoelectrical parameters, including resistivity, layer thickness, and depth, were analyzed across multiple VES stations to evaluate groundwater potential. The results reveal considerable spatial variation in subsurface resistivity values, ranging from 30.7 Ωm to 58,000 Ωm, indicating heterogeneous lithologic conditions that transition from clayey and sandy soils to consolidated bedrock. Hydraulic parameters, including transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity, were estimated from the interpreted geoelectric data to characterize groundwater flow potential. Transmissivity values reached up to 200.196 m²/day, while hydraulic conductivity ranged from 0.000164 to 0.034578 m/day, reflecting varying aquifer capacities across the study area. High groundwater potential was identified at locations such as North Bank Market, whereas restricted groundwater flow conditions were observed around Aper Aku Stadium. The calculated current electrode spacing (AB/2) and apparent resistivity values further elucidate the groundwater flow characteristics of the subsurface layers. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the hydrogeophysical characteristics and groundwater dynamics of Makurdi, supporting informed groundwater resource management.