Health Condition of Sparus aurata (Linnaeus, 1758) Fish in Ain El-Ghazala Lagoon, eastern Libya

The first thorough baseline for the health status of Sparus aurata in the ecologically crucial Ain El-Ghazala lagoon in eastern Libya is established by this study. Hematological markers and morphometric indicators (Fulton's condition factor, hepatosomatic index) were examined periodically during a one-year period. The findings showed a distinct yearly physiological cycle, with springtime marking the pinnacle of bodily condition and energy stores. Hematological stress markers, such as leukocytosis and decreased erythrocyte indices, were seen in conjunction with a marked deterioration in somatic and hepatic conditions during the summer. These results show a vulnerable time throughout the summer, which is probably caused by reproductive cycles and environmental stressors. In order to manage this crucial fish supply sustainably, this study emphasizes the need for focused conservation efforts and the need for additional research to link these physiological changes to certain environmental factors. Keywords: Sparus aurata, Fish Health Condition, Ain El-Ghazala Lagoon, Seasonal Variation, Hematological Stress, Condition Indices.