Relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular disease in adults

OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with physical inactivity identified as a critical modifiable risk factor - the association between physical activity levels and cardiometabolic markers warrants further exploration to inform preventive strategies. We investigate the association between physical activity levels and cardiovascular disease in the adult population. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted at a Tertiary Care Hospital. A total of 554 participants were recruited, including 277 cases diagnosed with CVD and 277 age- and gender-matched controls with no CVD. Physical activity levels were categorized as poor, intermediate, or recommended, based on the weekly activity level. Demographic and clinical data were collected, including Body Mass Index (BMI), blood pressure, lipid profiles, and smoking status. RESULTS: Physical inactivity was significantly higher among patients with CVD, with only 17.9% meeting recommended activity levels compared to 82.1% of controls (P