Efektivitas Model Problem Based Learning dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Motivasi Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran PAI

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in improving students’ critical thinking skills and learning outcomes in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) subjects. The background of this study is based on the dominance of conventional teacher-centered learning, which makes students less active in critical thinking and contextual understanding of the material. This research uses a qualitative approach with a library research method through collecting data from various scientific sources such as books, journals, articles, and other relevant academic works. The results of the study show that the implementation of PBL is able to improve students’ critical thinking skills because learning is centered on solving real problems that require analysis, discussion, and decision-making based on Islamic values. In addition, PBL also improves student learning outcomes in cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects, as well as encourages learning motivation, independence, problem-solving skills, and social skills. In its implementation, PBL is carried out through the stages of problem orientation, student organization, investigation, and presentation of results. Although it has several challenges, such as requiring more time and optimal teacher readiness, PBL remains an effective and relevant learning model in Islamic Religious Education.