Perlindungan Hukum bagi Lender dalam Klausul Syarat dan Ketentuan Platform Peer-to-Peer Lending di Indonesia

This study aims to analyze legal protection for lenders in the terms and conditions clauses of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Lending platforms in Indonesia, particularly regarding the risk of default or breach of contract. The background of the study is based on the rapid growth of the P2P Lending fintech industry accompanied by an increase in the risk of default, as well as the potential imbalance in the lenders' bargaining position due to the use of standard clauses that are often detrimental. The results of this study reveal that of the 10 P2P Lending platforms that the author studied, none of the platforms can be said to have completely fulfilled all components of preventive and repressive protection as regulated by POJK No. 40 of 2024. This problem is exacerbated by the existence of exoneration clauses prohibited by POJK No. 22 of 2023 Article 46 paragraph (2), where platforms often unilaterally limit their responsibilities by transferring the risk of default entirely to lenders, thereby reducing consumer rights and violating the principle of consumer protection in Law No. 8 of 1999 Article 18 paragraph (1).