Investigation of inflammatory cytokines and new biomarkers in ischemic heart diseases

Introduction-Aim: Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of global mortality and morbidity,resulting from reduced blood supply to the heart. Biomarkers are pivotal in diagnosing and under standing the disease. This study explores the utility of new biomarkers(cytokines,PLA2(phospholipase A2),hs-CRP (high-sensitivityC-reactiveprotein),PCT(procalcitonin),H-FABP(Heart-type fattyacid-bindingprotein)) for diagnosing ischemic heart diseases. METHODS: Conducted at Nasiriyah Heart Hospital,Iraq,from October 2021 to October 2022,the study Included 86 stable angina patients,50 acute myocardial infarctions(MI)(myocardial infarction) patients, and healthy controls.Serum levels of biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines(TNF α(tumornecrosisfactoralpha),IL-1β(interleukin-1beta),IL-6(interleukin-6),IL-9 (interleukin-9))were measure dusing ELISA(enzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay) and immunoassays. RESULTS: Instable angina,the study showed that the level of troponinI didn't significantly change in patients with stable angina. However, compared with healthy controls, patients showed a significant increase in serum levels of CK-MB(creatinekinase-MB),myoglobin,hs-CRP,H- FABP,Lp-PLA2(lipoprotein-associated phospholipaseA2),and PCT.Significantly elevated levels of serum IL-6,IL-1ß, IL-9, andTNF-αwere also recorded in patients with stable angina compared to healthy controls. In IMI group, the study revealed that serum troponin I level was insignificantly changed.However,compared with controls, a significant increase in the level of myoglobin,CK-MB,hs-CRP,Lp-PLA2,PCT,andH-FABPwere recorded.Significantly elevated levels of serumTNF-α,IL-9,IL-6,andIL-1β were also noted in the patients in comparison with healthy controls. CONCLUSION: Novel biomarkers suchas H-FABP,PCT, Lp-PLA2,andcytokines are valuable diagnostic tools for ischemic heart disease, along side traditional markers like TroponineI,CK-MB,and myoglobin.Targeting cytokines with monoclonal antibodies could enhance therapeutic strategies.