Lactancia materna y configuración de la microbiota intestinal infantil: un enfoque multicriterio

This study applies a Multicriteria Analysis (MCA) to assess the influence of breastfeeding on the maturation and composition of the infant gut microbiota, and its association with short- and long-term health outcomes. A systematic review of 120 studies published between 2019 and 2024 across databases such as PubMed, Scielo, and Cochrane was conducted, integrating quantitative and qualitative data using Expert Choice and Promethee-GAIA software. Findings indicate that exclusive breastfeeding for ≥6 months correlates with enhanced microbial diversity (40% increase in richness), predominance of Bifidobacterium (60–80%), and reduced colonization by pathogens like E. coli and C. difficile. Clinically, a 30% reduction in gastrointestinal infections and allergies was observed during the first year, along with a 25% lower risk of type 1 diabetes in childhood. This work underlines the importance of breastfeeding in fostering a balanced microbiota and preventing dysbiosis-related immune disorders.