Digital rights and data protection in the age of artificial intelligence: a global review

This article analyzes digital rights and data protection in the context of artificial intelligence, addressing the main legal, ethical, and social challenges arising from its use in contemporary society. In an environment characterized by digital transformation and the growing dependence on technologies based on the large-scale processing of information, privacy has become a fundamental element for the protection of human dignity and the exercise of fundamental rights. The study examines how artificial intelligence, by relying on the collection and analysis of vast amounts of data, generates significant risks such as digital surveillance, algorithmic discrimination, and the lack of transparency in automated decision-making. Furthermore, the research is based on a review of academic contributions from various international authors, which allows for the identification of theoretical approaches and critical perspectives on regulation, ethics, and data protection in the digital age. These contributions, together with guidelines and documents issued by international organizations, constitute a relevant foundation for the development and strengthening of legislative frameworks in the field of digital rights. On the other hand, it is highlighted that data protection is not only a legal challenge but also a social and ethical one, as it involves aspects such as trust, equity, and digital education. Finally, it is concluded that ensuring digital rights requires a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach that is capable of continuous adaptation to technological advancements.