The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in the Development and Implementation of Inclusive Education in Montenegro

This article examines the pivotal role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in advancing inclusive education in Montenegro, tracing its development from the late 20th century to the present, through a theoretical-descriptive approach, employing content analysis of legal frameworks, strategic documents, and secondary sources and implemented projects. Following the national normative framework of Montenegro, the study highlights how NGOs, despite their limited mention in core education legislation, bridge gaps in policy and practice through implementing projects as well as participating in shaping of state legislation and strategies. The article provides an overview of the manner in which NGO’s contributed to the shaping and implementation of Inclusive Education Strategies of Montenegro from 2008 to 2025, influencing numerous important advancements in inclusive education. It pays special attention to projects which have been implemented in relation to children with developmental disabilities and Roma/Egyptian communities in Montenegro. The discussion points out to the general advancements but also to the shortcomings of the inclusive education in Montenegro and the NGO’s role in relation to it. The study concludes that NGOs are indispensable in fostering equitable education, advocating for sustained state – NGO collaboration to address systemic disparities and enhance monitoring through longitudinal research.