Benchmarking and efficiency assessment in intensive care units: a systematic review protocol

OBJECTIVE: To identify research gaps and propose strategies for enhancing the quality and efficiency of critical care services globally. METHODS: We will explore and analyze metrics, models, and methodologies for efficiency assessment and benchmarking in intensive care units, including both static and longitudinal approaches. For so, we will comprehensively search three electronic databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase) using predefined keywords combined with Boolean operators. The search will target peer-reviewed studies without time frame restrictions. Duplicates will be removed, and two reviewers will independently assess the eligibility of articles based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Relevant data will be extracted and organized thematically using a standardized form aligned with PRISMA guidelines. The extracted data will include a study of characteristics, methodologies, and outcomes, enabling structured mapping and synthesis of existing evidence. This review does not require ethical approval. RESULTS: The findings will be disseminated through open-access journal publications and national and international conferences presentations. The results will also be shared with key stakeholders, including healthcare professionals, policymakers, and researchers, to foster discussions on improving intensive care unit performance. CONCLUSION: This review will synthesize available evidence on ICU efficiency assessment, contributing to standardization efforts and guiding future research priorities aimed at strengthening critical care management and benchmarking practices worldwide.