Models Of Adolescent Attachment To Caregivers (Study On Orphanage Adolescents In Kota Pekanbaru)

This study seeks to examine the construct validity of the attachment scale used to assess relationships between caregivers and adolescents living in urban orphanages. It also includes an analysis of differential item functioning (DIF) within the instrument. The attachment measure employed is the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment–Revised (IPPA-R), originally developed by Gay Armsden and Mark T. Greenberg in 2004 and later revised by Gullone and Robinson (2005). The IPPA-R assesses multiple dimensions of children’s relationships with parents (mother, father, or guardians occupying this role) and peers. These relationship qualities are reflected in aspects such as trust, communication effectiveness, and feelings of anger or alienation. Each version of the questionnaire (mother, father, peer—adapted in this study for caregivers and peers) comprises three subscales: the trust subscale includes 10 items, the communication subscale contains 9 items, and the alienation subscale consists of 6 items.