Analyzing Likert Scale type data and interpretation in TVET research: A guideline for the novice researcher

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the research process, with a focus on quantitative methods and the use of Likert scales in survey research. It outlines the systematic steps involved, starting from identifying a clear research problem, conducting a thorough literature review, to data collection and analysis, and the final interpretation of results. Emphasizing the importance of rigorous and structured methodologies, the paper discusses how proper data collection and analysis contribute to reliable and valid findings, essential for advancing academic knowledge. Special attention is given to the use of Likert scales, a prevalent tool in social sciences and education research, particularly in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET). The paper explores the benefits of Likert scales for capturing nuanced perceptions and attitudes, while also addressing potential challenges, such as response bias and the treatment of Likert data as interval or ordinal. Practical strategies for minimizing bias and ensuring the reliability and validity of scales are provided. The aim is to offer novice researchers practical guidance on the correct application and interpretation of Likert scales, thereby enhancing the clarity and accuracy of survey-based research reporting.