Designing A Tourist Movement Model Based On Tourist Spatial Interference Theory (Tsit) For Optimizing Tourism Management In Ubud, Bali

Ubud, Bali, is known as one of the main tourist destinations in Indonesia that highlights cultural, spiritual, and nature tourism. However, the rapid growth in the number of tourists has caused various problems in spatial management and tourist movement, such as congestion at certain tourist spots, an imbalance in the distribution of visits between regions, and pressure on local infrastructure. These problems indicate spatial inefficiency that has an impact on the decline in the quality of tourist experiences, a decline in environmental carrying capacity, and economic inequality among tourism stakeholders. This study aims to design a tourist movement model based on Tourist Spatial Interference Theory (TSIT) to improve the efficiency of tourism management in Ubud. This study adopts a single case study design. Primary data collection was conducted through three methods, namely in-depth interviews, field observations, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). Spatial data was analyzed using geospatial analysis techniques in a GIS environment to identify patterns and points of interference. The results show that the concentration of tourists at key points causes ecological and social pressure, thus requiring spatial data-based management to regulate tourist flows and distribution in a more balanced manner. With strategies such as destination diversification, visit time management, and dynamic zoning, TSIT provides a scientific basis for adaptive, collaborative, and sustainable tourism management in Ubud.