Mitigation of supply chain risks of very small aperture terminal antenna in the satellite-based telecommunication industry

Supply chain disruptions pose significant challenges for satellite telecommunications providers, particularly in managing complex and geographically dispersed VSAT antenna operations. This study investigates supply chain risks within a satellite-based telecommunications company in Indonesia and proposes prioritized mitigation strategies to enhance operational resilience. A mixed-method approach is applied by integrating the HOR, the SCOR model, and Ishikawa diagrams to systematically identify, analyze, and mitigate risks across business processes. The analysis identifies dominant risk agents that most significantly influence supply chain performance, including human error, poor communication, non-compliance and external party error. These factors are shown to disrupt coordination, delay material flows, and reduce service reliability. HOR Phase 2 results indicate that mitigation actions focusing on process standardization and workforce capability development such as implementing visual SOP checklists, deploying digital collaboration platforms, conducting routine cross-functional meetings, and performing periodic SOP compliance audits exhibit the highest ETDk ratios. These actions directly address the root causes of high-impact risks by improving procedural discipline, communication efficiency, and system integration. The findings demonstrate that risk structures in satellite telecommunications differ from those commonly reported in manufacturing based HOR studies, shifting emphasis from machine related failures toward human and coordination driven risks. This study contributes both theoretically by extending HOR and SCOR applications to a technology intensive context and practically by providing actionable, prioritized mitigation strategies to support decision-making in satellite supply chain management.