A Review of Routing Attacks in Routing Protocol Over Low-Power and Lossy-based IoT Networks

Low-power and Lossy IoT Networks (LLNs) comprise physical sensors, processing capability, power, and other technologies to exchange information between systems and devices over the internet. However, these networks are susceptible to routing attacks affecting resources, traffic flow, and topology formation. In the related work, it has been discovered that many previous studies do not consider algorithms and implementation approaches for routing attacks. This research study provides a comprehensive in-depth synthesis insight into the description, effects, and algorithms & implementation of four routing attacks in LLNs i.e., rank, sinkhole, DIS-flooding, and worst parent attacks. The findings of this research study highlight the most used and suitable simulation tool to implement routing attacks for RPL-based networks, moreover, it presents most of the network parameters mostly targeted by routing attacks. The study also presents a breakdown of effective attacking percentages to measure the impact of routing attacks. Lastly, we present a guide to implementing routing attacks in RPL-based IoT using the Cooja Contiki simulation tool.