Comparative Analysis of the Hexane Extracts of Euphorbia hirta and Euphorbia hyssopifolia with Regard to Total Phenolics, Total Flavonoids, Total tannin, GC-MS, and Biological Activities

Background: This research examined the chemical constituents, concentration of phenolic compounds, and biological efficacy of the entire Euphorbia hirta and Euphorbia hyssopifolia specimens sourced from Morocco.Methods: GC-MS was employed to analyze the chemical constituents. Three distinct methodologies, the Folin-Ciocalteu approach, the Aluminum Chloride technique, and the vanillin assay under acidic conditions were utilized to quantify the overall concentrations of polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins in hexane extracts derived from E. hirta and E. hyssopifolia. The DPPH assay served as a means to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the samples. Furthermore, an investigation was carried out employing the disc diffusion technique to assess the antibacterial efficacy against six pathogenic bacterial strains.Results: The results relating to the total phenolic content, the total flavonoid content and the total tannin content indicate that E. hirta has the highest concentration of polyphenols, and flavonoids, with values of 0.343 mg GAE/g and 11.188 µg QE/g, respectively. In addition, E. hyssopifolia had a higher concentration of tannin, and antioxidant activity with an 0.238 mg CE/g, and IC50 value of 0.403 mg/mL, respectively. The results on antimicrobial activity revealed significant efficacy against almost all the strains tested.Conclusion: As demonstrated by this work, the biochemical composition analysis of the hexane extracts reveals their significant antibacterial and antioxidant properties.Keywords: Euphorbia hirta, Euphorbia hyssopifolia, Biochemical Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, Antibacterial Capacity